Street-level bureaucrats dan Perubahan kebijakan dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Pangan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51577/jgpi.v6i1.979Keywords:
Street-Level Bureaucrats, Policy Entrepreneurship, Policy Window, Diskresi, Kebijakan Pangan, Implementasi KebijakanAbstract
Implementasi kebijakan pangan di tingkat lokal sering tidak berlangsung seragam. Sebab street-level bureaucrats memiliki ruang diskresi yang dapat digunakan secara prosedural maupun inovatif. Di Kabupaten Bone, kesenjangan tersebut tampak nyata, sebagai wilayah penghasil padi terbesar di Sulawesi Selatan, daerah ini justru masih menghadapi persoalan pemerataan aksesibilitas pangan, khususnya bagi masyarakat miskin. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana street-level bureaucrats memanfaatkan diskresi sebagai policy window untuk mendorong perubahan kebijakan pangan pada tahap implementasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terhadap 24 informan, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis tematik enam tahap, yaitu familiarisasi data, pengodean awal, pencarian tema, peninjauan tema, pendefinisian tema, dan penulisan laporan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kebijakan lahir ketika birokrat dengan ketajaman sosial mengenali kesenjangan antara arahan formal dan kebutuhan lapangan sebagai peluang, lalu mempertemukan arus masalah, arus kebijakan, dan arus politik pada level mikro implementasi melalui pendefinisian masalah, pembangunan tim, dan kepemimpinan. Konvergensi itu melahirkan inovasi berupa bank sayur dan kemitraan industri keripik sukun, sementara birokrat yang bertindak prosedural tidak menghasilkan perubahan inovatif.
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